Harley, R.M. et al. (2004). Labiatae, in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed. in chief) VI: 167-275. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Plants shrubs, sometimes subherbaceous, lianes, rarely small trees; branches ± tetragonal, usually ash-grey, nodes swollen. Leaves decussate (to ternate), subglabrous, with entire margina, never spiny, venation arcuate-reticulate. Inflorescences axillary to supra-axillary cymes. Flowers usually fragrant; calyces campanulate, only rarely accrescent,  with 5 broadly triangular small teeth; corollas hypocrateriform, usually white, sometimes pink or purple, lobes unequal; stamens 4 (or 5), didynamous, inserted within corolla tubes, exserted; ovaries cylindrical; stigmas shortly bifid. Fruits usually globose to obovoid, becoming black or brown and separating into 4 corky pyrenes, each with 1 seed.

Volkameria is a genus of about 10 species. It is sometimes been included in Clerodendrum. [unfortunately the taxonomic tree in OpenHerbarium contains conflicting information about the genus. It will be corrected when OH is transferred to new database management system, probably around the end of 2022]. One species of Volkameria is present in Somaliland, Volkameria inermis, where it is grown as an ornamental.  

M. Thulin (2006) Clerodendrum. Flora of Somalia 3: 313-315.

Plants trees, shrubs, subshrubs, or lianas. Leaves simple, upposite or in whorls of 3-4, entire or toothed. Inflorescences multiple cymes, these in paniculate, corymbose, capitate, or unspecialized clusters. Calyces campanulate to tubular, truncate to 5-lobed; corollas almost radially symmetric, tubes cylindrical, limbs with spreading lobes, more or less symmetrical in bud; stamens 4-5, inserted in the corolla tubes, usually long-exserted; anthers versatile; ovaries incompletely 4-celled, eachcell with 1 ovule;styles terminal; stigmas 2-fid, with equal loves, exserted. Drupes often 4-grooved or 2-4-lobed; endocarp bony, separating into 4 stones or 2 pairs of stones.

Clerodendrum includes about 400 species, most of which are native to the tropics and subtropics of the ld World. Four species grow in Somaliland and Somalia.

Key to the species of Clerodendrum in Somaliland and Somalia.

Global distribution of Clerodendrum.

Note: GBIF records include introduced and cultivated plants. Consequently, the distribution shown often differs from statements about a taxon's native distribution.

Yao-Wu Yuan Y-W., D.J. Mabberley, D.A.Steane, & R.G. Olmstead (2010) Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy. Taxon 59(1):125-133.