M. Thulin (1999) Rhamnaceae in Flora of Somalia 2: 150-156.M. Thulin (1999) Rhamnaceae in Flora of Somalia 2: 150-156.
Plants shrubs or trees, sometimes dioecious; branches sometimes spine-tipped. leaves alternate or opposite, stipulate; stipules small, ususally soon falling; blades pinnately veined. Inflorescences axillary, symes, clusters, or of solitary flowers, bisexual or unisexual, 4-5-merous; discs thin; ovaries superior, with (2-)3(-4) cells; styles usually 3-lobed. Fruits drupes with (2-)3(-4) seeds.
Rhamnus includes about 137 species. They are found mostly in tropical and temperate regions. Only one species, Rhamnus staddo, is known from Somalilandand Puntland.