Orobanchaceae |
|
See references Plants shrubs, subshrubs, or annual or perennial herbs, usually root parasites, sometimes holoparasites and lacking chlorophyll, more often hemiparasites, having chlorophyll but drawing some nutrients from the roots of other plants, a few genera not parasitic; parasitic plants turning black after drying. Leaves usually opposite, less frequently alternate, whorled, or clustered on axillary short shoots, often some or all scale-like, without stipules; blades simple. Inflorescences usually racemose or spicate; bracts usually present, often showy; bracteoles often present also, sometimes also showy. Flowers usually showy, bisexual; calyces usually present (absent in Asepalum), basally united, the bases often tubular or campanulate, limbs (4-)5-lobed, varying from more or less radially symmetric to bilaterally symmetric; corollas united, bilaterally symmetric, (4-)5-lobed, often 2-lipped, the upper lips with 2 lobes, the lower with 3 lobes; stamens 4, 2 long and 2 short, rarely a staminode also present, occasionally only two stamens with pollen-containing anthers; anthers usually with 2 thecae, but all or some with only one theca in some genera, thecae sometimes stipitate, dehiscence usually longitudinal, sometimes by apical pores; ovaries superior, of 2(-5) united carpels, cells as many as the carpels; ovules many; styles present; stigmas capitate to clavate, oblong, or tongue-shaped. Fruits capsules, dehiscent usually loculicidal but often septicidal; seeds many, minute, often with ornamented seed coat, usually wind-dispersed. The family Orobanchaceae has been greatly modified in recent years, primarily as a result of molevular studies. The additions include many hemiparasitic genera and even a few non-parasitic genera. It now includes about 100 genera and 2,025 species. The above description is based on that by Souza (2012) but has been modified to reflect information from the genera of the family known to grow in Somaliland and Somalia. References Cuccuini, P. & C. Nepi (2006) Alectra in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 284. Demissew, S. (2006) Cyclocheilaceae in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 297-301. Fischer, E. (2006) Pseudopubia in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 559-585 Hjertson, M. (2006) Lindenbergia in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 282-284. Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics. Mohamed, K.I. & L.J. Musselman. (2006) Striga in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 287-289 Souza, V.C. (2012). Orobanchaceae in Neotropical Orobanchaceae. Accessed 13 December 2021. Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017. Accessed 13 December 2021. Thulin, M. (2006) Cistanche in M. Thulin (Ed.)Flora of Somalia 3: 296. Thulin, M. (2006) Ghikaea in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 286-287. Thulin, M. (2006) Harveya in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 559-585. Thulin, M. (2006) Orobanche in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 296-297. Thulin, M. (2006) Xylocalyx in M. Thulin (Ed.) Flora of Somalia 3: 290-291 |
|