H. Beentje (2005) Xanthium. Flora of Somalia 3: 551-552

Plants annuals or short-lived perennial herbs. Stems 30-90(-300) cm tall, unarmed, slightly scabrous; leaves petiolate; petioles to 15 cm long; blades broadly ovate to triangular, simple or 3-5-lobed, 4-15 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, scabrous, 3-5-veined from the bases, bases cordate to cuneate, margins irregularly toothed, tips acute to acuminate. Male capitula sessile; involucres 2-3 mm long; flowers about 2 mm long. Female capitula axillary, solitary or in small groups, subsessile; fused involucres ellipsoid, 12-35 mm long, 8-15 mm wide, covered in hokked or straight spines.

Xanthium strumarium is a cosmopolitan weed. It grows in damp, disturbed sites such as roadsides and irrigated plantations. It is known from regions N1 and N2 of Somaliland and is probably present in similar habitats in Somalia. 

Awale & Jama (2018). Hordhaca dhirta badhtamaha Soomaalilaand.

Gu’jire ama gu’yaal jire geed hoosaad ah oo illaa 30 – 60 cm ah. Caleemo ballaadhan, saddex-geesood ah, oo laalaaban. Ubax cagaaran, oo koox ahaan qodxo u leh.

Sabada: Dhul cagta lagu badiyey, waddada hareerteeda, joog ah 1100 – 1750 m.

Filiqsanaanta:  Harame meelo badan laga helo.

 

Plants of the World Online (POWO): Xanthium strumarium. The distribution map shows the countries where the taxon is considered native or introduced but is now growing in the wild. 

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF):  Xanthium strumarium. Records may be of cultivated specimens.